Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH or SONET)

The introduction of any new technology is usually preceded by much hyperbole and rhetoric. In many cases, the revolution predicted never gets beyond this. In many more, it never achieves the wildly over optimistic growth forecasted by market specialists - home computing and the paperless office to name but two. It is fair to say, however, by whatever method you use to evaluate a new technology, that synchronous digital transmission does not fall into this category. The fundamental benefits to be gained from its deployment by PTOs seem to be so overwhelming that, bar a catastrophe, the bulk of today's plesiochronous transmission systems used for high speed backbone links will be pushed aside in the next few years. To quote Dataquest:, "It has been claimed by many industry experts that the impact of synchronous technology will equal that of the transition from analogue to digital technology or from copper to fibre optic based transmission."




For the first time in telecommunications history there will be a world-wide, uniform and seamless transmission standard for service delivery. Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) provides the capability to send data at multi-gigabit rates over today's single-mode fibre-optics links. This first issue of Technology Watch looks at synchronous digital transmission and evaluates its potential impact. Following issues of TW will look at customer oriented broad-band services that will ride on the back of SDH deployment by PTOs. These will include:



Frame relay

SMDS (Switched Multi-Megabit Data Service)

ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)

High speed LAN services such as FDDI

Figure 1 shows the relationship between these technologies and services.

Figure 1 - The Relationship Between Services

Overview

The use of synchronous digital transmission by PTOs in their backbone fibre-optic and radio network will put in place the enabling technology that will support many new broad-band data services demanded by the new breed of computer user. However, the deployment of synchronous digital transmission is not only concerned with the provision of high-speed gigabit networks. It has as much to do with simplifying access to links and with bringing the full benefits of software control in the form of flexibility and introduction of network management.



In many respects, the benefits to the PTO will be the same as those brought to the electronics industry when hard wired logic was replaced by the microprocessor. As with that revolution, synchronous digital transmission will not take hold overnight, but deployment will be spread over a decade, with the technology first appearing on new backbone links. The first to feel the benefits will be the PTOs themselves, as demonstrated by the technology's early uptake by many operators including BT. Only later will customers directly benefit with the introduction of new services such as connectionless LAN-to-LAN transmission capability.



According to one market research company it will take until the mid or late 1990s before 70% of revenue for network equipment manufacturers will be derived from synchronous systems. Remembering that this is a multi-billion $ market, this constitutes a radical change by any standard (Figure 2).



Users who extensively use PCs and workstations with LANs, graphic layout, CAD and remote database applications are now looking to the telecommunication service suppliers to provide the means of interlinking these now powerful machines at data rates commensurable with those achieved by their own in-house LANs. They also want to be able to transfer information to other metropolitan and international sites as easily and as quickly as they can to a colleague sitting at the next desk.


Source : gare.co.uk

School of Communication Student Project - 'Of Shoes' and 'Evermore' video

Wateen WIMAX - Pakistan

COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Abbottabad,

Demonstration on DWDM optical Fiber communication system

Pocket Switches

SONET/SDH

Telecom Networks

Europe Says It Leads U.S. in Broadband Use

BRUSSELS — The European Union has re-established its lead over the United States in the use of high-speed computer connections, making the Continent “the world leader in broadband Internet,” the European Commission said on Tuesday.
Viviane Reding, the commissioner who oversees the Internet, said that the spread of the technology could help power the European economic recovery and that continuing the development of high-speed Internet could create two million jobs by 2015. But she also warned that obstacles needed to be overcome to maximize the economic benefits from digital networks. In particular, Ms. Reding said, European Union member countries should make it easier for new entrants in telecommunications markets. “Governments must show leadership by adopting coordinated policies that dismantle existing barriers to new services,” she said.
Despite Europe’s leading position, a third of European Union citizens have never used the Internet, and only 7 percent have bought goods or services online from a vendor based in a neighboring country, Ms. Reding said.
She acknowledged that many young Internet users were reluctant to pay to download or view digital content like music and movies — a factor that could blunt the economic gains from increased network access.
Europe’s broadband lead over the United States narrowed to about one percentage point after 2004, when poorer countries from Eastern Europe joined the bloc, said Martin Selmayr, a spokesman for Ms. Reding.
The European Union has since regained a lead of three percentage points over the United States, with 23 percent of European homes and business using fixed-line broadband, compared with 20 percent in the United States, Mr. Selmayr said.
Denmark has 37 percent of homes and businesses fitted with high-speed Internet, the highest percentage in the world, followed by the Netherlands, Sweden, Finland and Luxembourg, according to figures released on Tuesday by the European Commission. The United States ranked 17th globally, about the same level as Spain, Mr. Selmayr said.
South Korea, the country with the highest percentage of homes and businesses equipped with high-speed Internet outside Europe, ranked sixth globally, Mr. Selmayr said.
Since 2004, the number of European homes connected to the Internet has increased to 60 percent from 41 percent, and of those households 80 percent enjoy high-speed connections, up from 33 percent over the same period, according to the commission.

Source : nytimes.com

Chinese Telecom: China Mobile Leads the Way

Until recently, operators in China have been able to focus on the affluent subscribers living in urban regions, with sufficient demand for telecoms services and customers aplenty. But now the balance is shifting; the bulk of new customers must now be found in rural areas. So far China Mobile has been the only operator to seriously target the countryside.
In the eyes of China's telcos, urban regions such as Beijing, Guangdong and Shanghai will always hold the most appeal. They are home to millions of people and crucially include the mid- to high-income individuals and early adopters.
Yet this also means that the cities are fiercely competitive, especially in the wake of the industry restructure in 2008. China Telecom and China Unicom are focusing on winning customers in both the fixed and mobile markets through service bundling strategies (a segment where China Mobile is weak).
On the other hand, China Mobile is continuing to act like a mobile-only player, despite possessing fixed operations through China Tietong, and is pushing services to promote fixed-to-mobile substitution.
The imminent flood of 3G handsets and services will further amplify the competition for China's mid- to high-value mobile customers.
Taking a "tunnel vision" view and focusing on the urban regions makes business sense in initial network deployment stages.
However, such an approach will not provide the long-term growth that the Chinese operators desire. Urban regions are already mature - China's mobile penetration rate was around 49% in April 2009 and 43% of the population lived in the urban regions at the end of 2008. In stark contrast, China's rural market is a treasure chest of new customers.
All operators must focus more attention and resources on the rural market if they are to achieve their ambitious growth targets. However, targeting rural markets is no easy task and extending mobile coverage to rural regions is only one part of the equation. Customization is just as important as it facilitates demand from rural mobile customers. Such customization needs to be applied not only to mobile services but also to sales, marketing and support functions, as shown by the efforts of China Mobile.
For the market leader, with 74% of all mobile customers, rural towns and villages have become a valuable source of connections. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, around half of China Mobile's net additions were from rural customers (around 105 million over the three years). We expect that in 2009 rural net additions will continue to make up around half of its new mobile customers.
By exploiting its scale, experience and ability to customize, China Mobile has engineered itself a secure leadership position in the countryside. Shortfalls from its rivals have also contributed to securing its dominance.
China Telecom's experience in extending fixed networks to rural regions has been unrewarding, and it believes it is not cost-effective compared to mobile.
China Unicom simply does not have the scale, branding and experience to put up a strong fight against China Mobile in remote areas of China. With China Telecom and China Unicom focusing on urban regions, it seems China Mobile will further extend its lead in rural China.

Source : businessweek.com

A Transformation without Boundaries

Until recently, telecommunications (telecom) has been a rather arcane, obscure,and uninteresting field. In the last few years however, a technologicalrevolution in conjunction with radical transformations in the internationaleconomy have brought telecoms to the center of the political stage throughout theworld. Governments talk today about telecommunications, informationinfrastructure, and electronic highways much as they did about nuclearweapons, arms control, and foreign relations during the Cold War. This chapterbriefly explores the principles around which the sector functioned until recently.It discusses some of the key forces that drove reform in more developedcountries (MDCs), and it presents the differences in the reform process betweenMDCs and less developed countries (LDCs). It also describes recent events inLDCs telecom reform, and lays out the question around which this study isorganized.

Source: "Publication Information: Book Title: The Political Economy of Telecommunications Reform in Developing Countries: Privatization and Liberalization in Comparative Perspective. Contributors: Ben A. Petrazzini - author. Publisher: Praeger Publishers. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Publication Year: 1995. Page Number: 11. "

U.S. government will not get secret company Internet data

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Telecommunications providers will not have to give the government sensitive revenue and Internet speed data for a program to map broadband use in U.S. homes and bring high-speed Internet service to more people.
The U.S. Commerce Department said on Friday that companies such as Verizon Communications Inc, Comcast and AT&T do not have to share how much money they make from each Internet subscriber. Nor must they say how fast their Internet connections typically run.
Instead, they will provide data by the block, usually about a dozen homes depending on the size of the block. They also will share the speed of Internet service that they advertise.
Companies do not want to share the specific data because they do not want their competitors to see it.
But failing to make it public allows the companies to advertise -- and charge for -- something that they often cannot deliver, said Joel Kelsey, a telecom policy analyst at Consumers Union, a watchdog group.
"The actual speeds delivered to particular areas simply doesn't match up," Kelsey said. "The government gave a lot and received very, very little in return."
Companies that sell Internet service advertise maximum service speeds as a way to entice customers. More speed means faster access to online entertainment and information.
Internet connections can work at slower speeds than the maximum speed advertised, especially when many subscribers are online at the same time .

Source : uk.reuters.com

France Telecom cut at RBS on 2010 cash outlook

By Aude Lagorce

LONDON (MarketWatch) -- RBS on Monday cut its rating on France Telecom

to hold from buy, saying that while the group's earnings and free-cash-flow targets look secure for 2009, its outlook for free cash flow of 8 billion euros in 2010 looks less secure. The broker told clients that while management is controlling costs and has reassured the market it's not interested in large acquisitions for the time being, in the absence of a recovery in mobile revenue growth, the group's cash flow targets "could be harder" to deliver in 2010 with capital expenses, tax and cash interest all expected to creep back up

Source : marketwatch.com

Nortel Opens Center of Excellence - WiMAX 4G Ecosystem

Nortel announced the opening of its Center of Excellence - WiMAX 4G Ecosystem in Taipei
to promote interoperability across WiMAX devices and applications for global customers, helping to speed up the deployment of WiMAX technology throughout the world.
The new Center of Excellence will support field testing and demonstrations of a wide range of high-bandwidth multimedia applications such as VoIP, video streaming, IPTV, Digital Video Recorder and the transmission of data between WiMAX, Wi-Fi and 3G platforms when using PDAs, laptop computers and Wi-Fi handsets. Testing WiMAX customer premise equipment for interoperability will be a key test focus in the new center.
By delivering enhanced WiMAX technology interoperability, Nortel is making it easier for service providers to reduce costs while delivering next-generation services for anywhere, anytime voice, video and multimedia collaboration. As a pioneer in OFDM and MIMO technologies, Nortel is a leader in the development of 4G solutions designed to meet the challenges of an increasingly hyperconnected world, where anything that can be connected to the network will be. Hyperconnectivity encompasses person-to-person, person-to-machine and machine-to-machine communication.
"With many years of experience developing WiMAX technology, Nortel understands the sophisticated needs and requirements of deployment. The new Center of Excellence is designed to serve as an end-to-end resource for the global telecommunication industry, combining Nortel and third-party expertise, innovation, interoperability and collaboration," said Stone Tseng, vice president, WiMAX 4G Ecosystem, Nortel. "Nortel chose Taiwan to establish its Center of Excellence - WiMAX 4G Ecosystem because the majority of the world's networking and communications devices are designed and manufactured in Taiwan. Nortel is also collaborating with the Taiwan government to roll out the 'M-Taiwan' initiative which enhances Taiwan's leadership position in driving WiMAX developments."
Nortel's Center of Excellence - WiMAX 4G Ecosystem complements Nortel's Center of Excellence for WiMAX Devices, which opened in May last year in Taiwan. The new Center further drives the developments of WiMAX by connecting different vendors and manufacturers who are able to share knowledge and improve products and technologies. Nortel previously collaborated with National Taiwan University to conduct WiMAX broadband service trials that focused on the interoperability testing of wireless devices and multimedia applications. Nortel also recently announced a second WiMAX contract deployment with Taiwan's Chunghwa Telecom.
Nortel is a member of the WiMAX Forum, an industry organization that promotes the interoperability and certification of wireless products for the delivery of faster, more affordable data, voice and video services. Nortel owns dozens of patents in the technologies underlying the WiMAX standard, and the Company's eight years of work in OFDM/MIMO technology has culminated with much of its patented technology being accepted as the basis for the global WiMAX industry standard.

Source : 4g.co.uk

Nortel Accelerates 4G Strategy to Bring Both WiMAX and LTE to Market Faster

Nortel is aligning its 4G wireless broadband strategy to address early market opportunities that are emerging for WiMAX and LTE. As part of this strategy, Nortel is focusing its main wireless R&D resources on 4G LTE and wireless applications, with WiMAX development re-aligning around the strategic agreement announced today with Alvarion. This enables Nortel to achieve faster time-to-market with WiMAX, at a lower cost, while accelerating LTE development to meet a demand that is emerging faster than the industry originally predicted.
"The increasing demand for mobile data with the advent of USB dongles, embedded laptops, and smartphones built on the iPhone model is driving traffic far faster than operators had anticipated," said Dr. Phil Marshall, vice president, Yankee Group. "Operators have realized that they need to get to 4G faster than originally anticipated. Major players such as China Mobile, NTT DoCoMo and Verizon have announced aggressive plans to roll out LTE, which we believe is the tip of the iceberg. The WiMAX market also continues to be very dynamic, with the underserved broadband markets and disruptive wireless operators in mature markets rapidly emerging as key market segments for that technology."
"Nortel is targeting its 4G portfolio to capitalize on the rapidly growing market opportunities associated with wireless broadband - and to help operators meet these needs quickly," said Richard Lowe, president, Carrier Networks, Nortel. "WiMAX will provide fast, cost-effective coverage and mobile broadband capabilities for early movers in the wireless broadband market. LTE will provide the high-speed, high-capacity mobile broadband network evolution sought by many established network operators, allowing them to offer not only faster connections but also an enriched user experience that includes real-time services such as mobile TV, web services, mobile advertising, and carrier-hosted services for businesses."
"Both WiMAX and LTE represent game-changing opportunities for Nortel because they require advances in network speed and capacity that Nortel knows how to deliver," continued Lowe.
The Nortel and Alvarion strategic agreement will form a complete, end-to-end WiMAX solution for each company's customers around the world, combining Alvarion's WiMAX access platform with Nortel's strength in all-IP network core technologies, backhaul, developing applications for carriers, such as VoIP and unified communications, and end-to-end lifecycle support through Nortel Global Services for WiMAX.
Nortel has appointed Scott Wickware as the general manager of WiMAX to drive Nortel's contributions to this strategic collaboration, including integration of these applications which will allow users to take advantage of the pervasive bandwidth offered by WiMAX while providing a simple communications experience.
"As the level of Hyperconnectivity increases around the world, more and more connected devices are driving increased traffic on wireless networks and users expect mobile communications to offer the same speed and capabilities as wireline connections," said Wickware. "The Nortel and Alvarion joint WiMAX solution will make business simple for WiMAX operators by providing a solution that recognizes and delivers on today's market needs for fast broadband coverage that is cost-effective and simple to deploy, while evolving to meet the ever-increasing demands for mobile connectivity."

Source : 4g.co.uk

World' s First 4G / 3G LTE Commercial Contract

Huawei Technologies announced that it has been chosen by TeliaSonera, the largest telecoms operator in Scandinavia and the Baltic countries, to supply the world' s first commercial 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) network, in Oslo, Norway. Huawei will, together with TeliaSonera, raise mobile broadband speeds significantly by dramatically improving quality and capacity with Huawei' s advanced LTE solution. Inset shows a 3G LTE demonstartion by Huawei recently.
Under the agreement, Huawei provides an environmentally friendly end-to-end LTE solution including LTE base stations, core network and OSS (Operating Support System) covering Oslo. Huawei also provides services including network design, implementation, systems integration and support.
The contract marks a significant step in TeliaSonera' s evolution to the next generation network. Thanks to Huawei' s 4th Generation Base Station platform, the Huawei LTE solution provides an All-IP, high speed, low latency and high frequency efficiency mobile network. LTE technology will deliver new mobile data rates, which will enable TeliaSonera to introduce the fastest mobile broadband experience to their customers.
Mr. Lars Klasson, Senior Vice President and CTO Business Area Mobility Services of TeliaSonera says, "Our customers will enjoy 4G with high-speed and high-quality mobility communications already in 2010. We have chosen Huawei as our partner based on their strong focus on LTE development and early deployment capabilities, as well as Huawei' s impressive and proven worldwide track record in advanced mobile technology."
"We are excited to help TeliaSonera to construct the world' s first commercial LTE network", says Chengdong Yu, President of Huawei European region. "Huawei always focuses on addressing the challenges of operators and the needs of its customers. With our leading LTE technology, we are confident to provide TeliaSonera with winning solutions for their businesses and help them provide the fastest mobile broadband experience for their customers."

Source : 4g.co.uk

First Multi-Vendor 4G LTE EPC-RAN Interoperability

Starent Networks announced it has completed 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) /Evolved Packet Core (EPC) interoperability testing with the Multi-Vendor Radio Access Network (MVR)
from Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. As a result of the successful interoperability, Samsung will be demonstrating a live LTE connection at Mobile World Congress, February 16 – 19, in Barcelona.
The LTE demonstration will utilize Samsung’s eNode-B system and Starent’s multimedia core solutions including Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW) and Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW).
The interoperability testing and public demonstration showcases the two companies’ commitment to creating a solution that is standards compliant and can address mobile operator requirements for broadband connectivity along with network deployment flexibility. The demonstration further validates Samsung and Starent Networks’ leadership positions in delivering next generation mobile broadband and multimedia core networking solutions to an ever evolving market.
“Because Starent focuses on mobile broadband and the multimedia core network, they were the perfect choice to showcase the interoperability requirements of a multi-vendor LTE EPC solution,” said Woon Sub Kim, Executive Vice President of Samsung. “We believe this interoperability test is the first with the radio access from one company, Samsung, and the packet core from another, Starent. While other live network demonstrations have showcased end-to-end vendors demonstrating their radio and EPC, the completion of interoperability testing between Samsung and Starent validates the open standards compliance of both companies and demonstrates that we are ready and able to work with other companies’ solutions.”
“With the completion of interoperability testing with Samsung, Starent is poised to be first to market with a fully deployable evolved packet core network based on open standards,” said Ashraf Dahod, CEO of Starent Networks. “We are focused on the specific needs of the mobile operator multimedia core network and understand the unique dynamics of the network. As a result, we have developed our solutions to deliver superior performance in the existing 3G network, with easy and cost-effective evolution to 4G-LTE.”

Source : 4g.co.uk

Beyond 4G Wireless

Europe Belguim : With much of the mobile world yet to migrate to 3G mobile communications, let alone 4G, European researchers are already working on a new technology able to deliver data wirelessly up to 12.5Gb/s.
The technology – known as ‘millimetre (mm)-wave’ or microwave photonics – has commercial applications not just in telecommunications (access and in-house networks) but also in instrumentation, radar, security, radio astronomy and other fields.
Despite the quantum leap in performance made possible by combining the latest radio and optics technologies to produce mm-wave components, it will probably only be a few years before there are real benefits for the average EU citizen. This is thanks to research and development work being done by the EU-funded project IPHOBAC, which brings together partners from both academia and industry with the aim of developing a new class of components and systems for mm-wave applications.
The mm-wave band is the extremely high frequency part of the radio spectrum, from 30 to 300 gigahertz (GHz), and it gets it name from having a wavelength of one to 10mm. Until now, the band has been largely undeveloped, so the new technology makes available for exploitation more of the scarce and much-in-demand spectrum.
New products from Europe
IPHOBAC is not simply a ‘paper project’ where the technology is researched, but very much a practical exercise to develop and commercialise a new class of products with a ‘made in Europe’ label on them.
While several companies in Japan and the USA have been working on merging optical and radio frequency technologies, IPHOBAC is the world’s first fully integrated effort in the field, with a lot of different companies involved. This has resulted in the three-year project, which runs until end-2009, already having an impressive list of achievements to its name.
It recently unveiled a tiny component, a transmitter able to transmit a continuous signal not only through the entire mm-wave band but beyond. Its full range is 30 to 325GHz and even higher frequency operation is now under investigation. The first component worldwide able to deliver that range of performance, it will be used in both communications and radar systems. Other components developed by the project include 110GHz modulators, 110GHz photodetectors, 300GHz dual-mode lasers, 60GHz mode-locked lasers, and 60GHz transceivers.
Truly disruptive technology
Project coordinator Andreas Stöhr says millimetre-wave photonics is a truly disruptive technology for high frequency applications. “It offers unique capabilities such as ultra-wide tunability and low-phase noise which are not possible with competing technologies, such as electronics,” he says. What this will mean in practical terms is not only ultra-fast wireless data transfer over telecommunications networks, but also a whole range of new applications (www.iphobac-survey.org).
One of these, a 60GHz Photonic Wireless System, was demonstrated at the ICT 2008 exhibition in Lyon and was voted into the Top Ten Best exhibits. The system allows wireless connectivity in full high definition (HD) between devices in the home, such as a set-top box, TV, PC, and mobile devices. It is the first home area network to demonstrate the speeds necessary for full wireless HD of up to 3Gb/s.
The system can also be used to provide multi-camera coverage of live events in HD. “There is no time to compress the signal as the director needs to see live feed from every camera to decide which picture to use, and ours is the only technology which can deliver fast enough data rates to transmit uncompressed HD video/audio signals,” says Stöhr.
The same technology has been demonstrated for access telecom networks and has delivered world record data rates of up to 12.5Gb/s over short- to medium-range wireless spans, or 1500 times the speed of upcoming 4G mobile networks.
One way in which the technology can be deployed in the relatively short term, according to Stöhr, is wirelessly supporting very fast broadband to remote areas. “You can have your fibre in the ground delivering 10Gb/s but we can deliver this by air to remote areas where there is no fibre or to bridge gaps in fibre networks,” he says
Systems for outer space
The project is also developing systems for space applications, working with the European Space Agency. Stöhr said he could not reveal details as this has not yet been made public, save to say the systems will operate in the 100GHz band and are needed immediately.
There are various ongoing co-operation projects with industry to commercialise the components and systems, and some components are already at a pre-commercial stage and are being sold in limited numbers. There are also ongoing talks with some of the biggest names in telecommunications, including Siemens, Ericsson, Thales Communications and Malaysia Telecom.
“In just a few years time everybody will be able to see the results of the IPHOBAC project in telecommunications, in the home, in radio astronomy and in space. It is a completely new technology which will be used in many applications even medical ones where mm-wave devices to detect skin cancer are under investigation,” says Stöhr.

Source : 4g.co.uk

4G End-to-End LTE UE and LTE eNodeB System Technologies

SAI Technology announced it has introduced the world’s first complete end-to-end LTE (Long Term Evolution) software protocol stack
(PDCP, RLC, RRC, MAC & PHY-MAC API’s) and system infrastructure software that is openly available to customers and development partners. “Most LTE solutions today have been developed for in-house captive products,” said Dr. Venkat Rayapati (CEO, SAI Technology Inc.). “SAI has been a pioneer in the development of 4G wireless solutions. The launch of our new LTE software protocol stack builds on the strength of our earlier successful launch of the fixed and mobile WiMAX system technology products.” The 4G wireless market is expected to show dramatic growth in deployments over the next 5 years, primarily due to the consumer’s tremendous appetite for accessing all forms of data “any time” and “any place.” SAI is well positioned to support this growth with its broad portfolio of advanced wireless technology. SAI ‘s LTE product family is designed for customers and partners developing UE (Handsets, CPE) and eNodeB (Base Station) products or semiconductor solutions for these type of products.Some of the key differentiating features of SAI’s LTE system technology are:
Scalable and dynamically configurable architecture that enables many different hardware platforms that can support a significant growth in subscribers
Improved voice quality and enhanced streaming video quality by implementing a superior Quality of Service (QoS) mechanism
Increased utilization of precious bandwidth approximately 30%, by implementing an advanced Robust Header Compression (ROHC) technology.
SAI is actively engaged with several customers for its LTE product portfolio.

Source : 4g.co.uk

3G LTE and 4G Wireless Spectrum Auction

The Ministry for Science, Technology and Innovation (National IT and Telecom Agency) announced the public consultation on the auction of 2.5GHz spectrum in Denmark.
205MHz of spectrum will be auctioned in total: 190MHz in the 2.5GHz band (2500-2690MHz) and 15MHz in the 2010MHz band (2010-2025MHz).
The spectrum, which will be auctioned on a national basis, is suitable for providing 4G wireless broadband services based on standards such as LTE (Long Term Evolution) and WiMAX. However, it may also be attractive for other uses such as mobile TV or wireless cameras.


The licences granted to the winning bidders will allow them to deploy their own choice of technology (provided it does not cause interference to other spectrum users) and offer any type of service. It is hoped that this technology- and service-neutral approach will stimulate competition and enable the winning bidders to offer advanced and innovative services to as many people as possible throughout Denmark.
The auction is expected to take place in the first quarter of 2010 and will be conducted electronically, with participants submitting their bids via a secure Internet connection.
Further information about the auction may be found in draft versions of the Information Memorandum and the Executive Order , which are published today alongside a Consultation Document by the National IT and Telecom Agency (NITA). Copies of these documents (in Danish and English) may be downloaded from the NITA's website (www.itst.dk).

Source : 4g.co.uk